Force and load sensors covers electrical sensing devices used to measure tension, compression, and shear forces

Collision avoidance sensors use various types of proximity sensors to detect the presence of an object or obstruction

Six-axis force and torque sensors measure the full six components of force and torque: vertical, lateral, and longitudinal forces as well as camber, steer, and torque movements

Ultrasonic transducers send and receive waves for many types of sensing. Examples include distance, proximity, level, nondestructive evaluation, web break detection, counting, and security applications

Force and torque instruments are used to measure force, weight or torque. Some can measure force and torque by changing the sensor / transducer

Collision sensors are used to protect robots from colliding with other objects. Noncontact sensors are used to help robots avoid these collisions

Constant force springs are tightly coiled wound bands of pre-hardened spring steel or stainless steel strip. When extended, a constant force is exerted and maintained as the spring is allowed to close

Underwater acoustic transducers contain both transmitters and receivers and use distance and directional data for communication, mapping and navigation

Strain gauges are measuring elements that convert force, pressure, tension, etc., into an electrical signal

Linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) linear position sensors have a series of inductors in a hollow cylindrical shaft and a solid cylindrical core. These devices produce an electrical output proportional to the position of the core

Eddy current linear position sensors detect the distance from a target by using magnetic fields generated by a reference and sensing coils

Audio transducers and buzzers are used in electronic equipment, toys and various warning devices as the sounding component

Impact hammers are used in structural and modal analysis to determine component or system response to impacts of varying amplitude and duration. A hammer with a force transducer in its head is paired with an accelerometer on the component being tested to compare impact and response

Variable reluctance linear position sensors and switches are noncontact devices that use variable reluctance based technology, and whose output signal represents the distance between an object and a reference point.

Electro-pneumatic transducers convert current or voltage input signals to proportional output pressures. They are used as process control elements in valves, pneumatic relays, and flow regulators for applications such as spray and damper control