Electrostatic Precipitators

Electrostatic precipitators or electrostatic air cleaners use electrostatic forces to separate dust particles from exhaust gases. This type of particulate collection device removes particles from flowing gases by use of an electrostatic charge. Electrostatic precipitators (ESP) are highly-efficient and can remove dust and smoke from the airstream by minimally interfering with the flow of gases through the device. Collection efficiency of electrostatic precipitators is largely dependent on the electrical properties of the particulate it’s collecting.

There are typically two common types of electrostatic precipitators, dry and wet. Dry electrostatic precipitators use a periodic rapping to separate the accumulated dust from the collector plates and discharge electrodes. The dust layer, released by rapping, is collected in a hopper and then removed by an ash handling system. Dry electrostatic precipitators are often not suitable for submicron particulate applications because of particle size, resistivity, and other issues.

Common components of a dry electrostatic precipitator include gas distribution places, collector plates, discharge electrodes, a rapper system, a high voltage power supply, an energy management system, and automatic voltage controllers. Other, unlisted components may also be included in electrostatic precipitators.

Wet electrostatic precipitators (WESP or wet ESP) are also available. WESPs operate with saturated air streams. One type of wet ESP uses a vertical cylindrical tube with a centrally-located wire electrode. Airflow moves upward with water to clean collected particles from the collection surface. This type of electrostatic precipitator uses water to condition particles and rinse them from the collector. Multiple stages are often needed with wet electrostatic precipitators; however, acceptable results are not always achieved with certain pollutants. Another type of wet electrostatic precipitator uses a falling oil film to remove collected particulate.

Electrostatic precipitators may be used for a range of applications including abrasives, coolant or oil mist, explosive media, fine powders, general cleaning, litter pick-up, metalworking chips or fluids, non-free flowing powders/dust, reclaim or recycle applications, spill recovery, toxic media, and welding fumes. Electrostatic precipitators may also be used in other, unlisted applications.

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