Water Treatment Equipment

Water treatment equipment is used to enhance influent water for industrial, commercial, and consumer use. Influent flows into a basin, reservoir, or treatment facility. It differs from effluent, treated sewage that is released into the environment, typically from a point source such as a pipe. Influent water systems are designed to produce high-quality water through clarification, filtration, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, and other water treatment methods. Clarification is the process of removing suspended solids from water. Filtration is a mechanical or physical process that uses a medium (such as a screen) to separate solids from fluids. Reverse osmosis (RO), a specific type of filtration, uses a semi-permeable membrane to remove dissolved salts and metallic ions. Ion exchange, a chemical process used in water treatment equipment, removes charged particles from a solution.

There are many different types of water treatment equipment. Basic categories include laboratory and medical water systems, filtration systems and parts, deionization and demineralization systems, reverse osmosis systems, water softeners, and ultraviolet sterilizers. Products for laboratory water purification are designed to prepare labware for procedures such as cell cultures and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Medical water treatment solutions may use granular activated carbon to remove chlorine and chloramines, cartridge pre-filtration for sediment removal, reverse osmosis for the reduction of total dissolved solids (TDS), and service deionization for TDS reduction. Water treatment equipment with submicron filtration for particulate and bacteria removal, ultrafiltration for bacteria removal, and ultraviolet (UV) light for bacterial destruction is also available.

Selecting water treatment equipment requires an analysis of application requirements and government regulations. For example, hemodialysis providers may need to select water treatment systems that combine pretreatment, reverse osmosis (RO), and ultrafiltration modules. Both pharmaceutical companies and semiconductor manufacturers use RO systems, as well as water treatment equipment with electrodeionization (EDI) features. Custom water purification equipment may be designed to produce U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) grades of water, or to comply with application-based requirements for water with ultra-high purity. In Europe and the United States, electronics manufacturers may need to select water treatment equipment that provides high levels of water recovery and energy-efficient operation. Portable water quality products that use service deionization (SDI) are also available.

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