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About Form Gages and Form Gaging Systems
Form gages and form gaging systems are used to inspect parameters such as roundness, angularity, squareness, straightness, flatness, runout, taper and concentricity. Form gages are similar to profilometers, inspection tools used to measure surface profile, roughness, waviness, and other finish parameters. There are two basic types of form gages and form gaging systems: contact and non-contact. Contact or stylus-based instruments measure surface texture by dragging a sharp, pointed tool across the surface. Height variations of the tip are recorded and then used to form a texture profile. Roughness and waviness are also calculated from the profile data. Non-contact form gages and form gaging systems measure surface texture by optically scanning a surface with a light or laser. Optical or light-based instruments may also use triangulation or interferometry to measure or capture a surface profile. Most contact or stylus-based form gages and form gaging systems provide only a two-dimensional (2D) or line profile; however, non-contact devices can also provide three-dimensional (3D) or areal topography measurements. In this way, 2D or 3D roughness and waviness parameters are calculated from profile data.
Form gages and form gaging systems are used to measure coaxiality, cylindricity, taper, flatness, eccentricity, concentricity, harmonic content, parallelism, roundness, and runout. Coaxiality is a measure of one axis to another axis. Cylindricity is a condition of a surface of revolution in which all points on the surface are equidistant from a common axis. Taper is a narrowing or differential variation in diameter along the axial or length dimension of a cylindrical part. Flatness places all of the points on a part’s surface within a single plane. Eccentricity is a ratio which describes the shape of a conic section. Concentricity is twice the eccentricity. Harmonic content or shape variations are repeated undulations which occur in a 360° rotation. Typically, harmonic frequencies are described in undulations per revolution (UPR). Parallelism describes the equidistance between two planes or surfaces of a part. Ideal roundness is the condition in which all parts of a circle are identical or equidistant from the center point or axis. Runout is measured by determining the radial difference between two concentric reference circles drawn to just enclose the profile of the part or cylindrical surface under evaluation.
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Engineering Web: Form Gages and Form Gaging Systems
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Society of Manufacturing Engineers Air gaging systems can be calibrated using either one or two master gages. |
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Product Catalog > B1 B1.3 - 2007 Screw Thread Gaging Systems for Acceptability: Inch and Metric Screw Threads (UN, UNR, UNJ, M, and MJ) |
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Google Directory -... Edmunds Gages - http://www.edmundsgages.com Provides dimensional measurement gaging solutions from cylindrical gages to custom-engineered automatic See Google, Inc. Information |
