The color of an object is an aspect of object appearance distinct from form, shape, size, position, or gloss that depends upon the spectral composition of the incident light, the spectral reflectance of transmittance of the object, and the spectral response of the observer, as well as the illuminating and viewing geometry.
Angular selectivity of reflectance, involving surface reflected light, is responsible for the degree to which reflected highlights or images of objects may be seen as superimposed on a surface.
Haze is the scattering of light at the glossy surface of a specimen responsible for the apparent reduction in contrast of objects viewed by reflection at the surface.
Hue is the attribute of color by means of which a color is perceived to be red, yellow, green, blue, purple, etc. Pure white, black, and grays possess no hue.
Luster is the appearance characteristic of a surface that reflects more in some directions than it does in other directions, but not of such high gloss as to form clear mirror images.
The property of a specimen by which it transmits light diffusely without permitting a clear view of objects beyond the specimen and not in contact with it.
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An international color standard adopted in 1976. CIE is a tricolor system that is based on the fact that any color can be matched by a suitable mix of the 3 primary colors.
The abbreviation stands for delta E Colour Measurement Committee of Dyers and Colourists. Built upon CIECH's attention to what direction a color is changing. Adopted as British Standard BS6923: 1988.
The XYZ space allows colors to be expressed as a mixture of the three tristimulus values X, Y, and Z. The term tristimulus comes from the fact that color perception results from the retina of the eye responding to three types of stimuli. After experimentation, the CIE set up a hypothetical set of primaries, XYZ, that correspond to the way the eye's retina behaves.
Yxy space expresses the XYZ values in terms of x and y chromaticity coordinates, somewhat analogous to the hue and saturation coordinates of HSV space.
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Colorimeters measure color using three or four filters that match human color receptors. Colorimeters can show L, a, b or L*, a*, b* numbers but can only measure in one light source.
Densitometers measure the density of ink films using one or more filters. Densitometers do not give complete color information, but are useful for specification and control of printed colors.
Spectrophotometers operate on the principle of reflected light. Spectrophotometers measure individual wavelengths and then calculate L, a, b or L*, a*, b* values from this information. They can measure in all standard illuminants.
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