Cast-in heaters are made-to-order tubular or wire heaters that are cast into a part. These parts are designed to be an integral component of a larger piece of equipment.
Drum heaters are used to heat cylindrical containers of viscous materials. They either clamp onto the outside diameter of the drum, or are inserted directly into the material to be heated within the drum.
Immersion heaters are used in applications where it is necessary to immerse a heater in the substance being heated. Flange and screw-plug varieties are easy to use and quick to install.
Infrared heaters use current flowing through resistive elements to produce electromagnetic waves in the infrared (IR) spectrum. These waves may be reflected onto the material to be heated, or may use a panel to evenly distribute the heating waves. The IR waves heat the object or material in the path. Note that the object is heated directly by the IR waves instead of the surrounding air.
Strip heaters are flat heaters that can be bolted, clamped or stuck to a solid surface for freeze protection, humidity control, food warming and other applications. They are available in both plain and finned designs.
Other unlisted, specialized, or proprietary heaters.
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Other unlisted, specialized, or proprietary fuel or energy sources.
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Maximum operating (sheath) temperature is the highest temperature that the heater's sheath (or protective cover) may reach. This is not the maximum temperature a heated substance may reach.
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The maximum watt density that the heater can deliver. Watt density is a good measure of how quickly the heater can transfer heat to a heated surface. To calculate watt density, suppliers divide the available wattage by the heated surface area.
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The sleeve or sheath is made of aluminum, a bluish, silver-white, malleable, ductile, light, trivalent, metallic element that provides good electrical and thermal conductivity, high reflectivity, and resistance to oxidation.
The sleeve or sheath is made of brass, an alloy that provides good strength, excellent high temperature ductility, reasonable cold ductility, good electrical conductivity, excellent corrosion resistance, and low magnetic permeability.
The sleeve or sheath is made of copper, a common, reddish, metallic element that is ductile and malleable. Copper is one of the best conductors of heat and electricity.
The sleeve or sheath is made of a fluropolymer such as Teflon® (DuPont Dow Elastomers). Teflon refers to a class of fluoropolymer resins used for a wide variety of commercial applications. They are highly-resistant to temperature, chemical reaction, corrosion, and stress-cracking.
The sleeve or sheath is made of nickel alloy. The amount of nickel varies by alloy type. Proprietary alloys include Inconel®, Monel® (Special Metals Corporation) and Incoloy® (Inco Alloys International).
The sleeve or sheath is made of steel, a commercial iron that contains carbon in any amount up to about 1.7% as an essential alloying constituent. Steel is malleable under suitable conditions and distinguished from cast iron by its malleability and lower carbon content.
Other unlisted, specialized, or proprietary sleeve or sheath materials.
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Process annealing is used to treat work-hardened parts made from low-carbon steels (< 0.25% carbon). Annealing can be used to stress-relieve or fully soften a part. A full anneal allows the parts to be soft enough to undergo further cold working without fracturing.
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Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) is a European Union (EU) directive that requires all manufacturers of electronic and electrical equipment sold in Europe to demonstrate that their products contain only minimal levels of the following hazardous substances: lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyl and polybrominated diphenyl ether. RoHS will become effective on July 1, 2006.
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Waste Electrical and Electronics Equipment (WEEE) is a European Union (EU) directive designed to encourage the reuse, recycling and recovery of electrical and electronic equipment. WEEE is also designed to improve the environmental impact and performance of this equipment. The WEEE directive establishes requirements and criteria for the collection, treatment, recycling and recovery of electrical and electronic equipment. It also makes producers responsible for financing these activities. Retailers and distributors must provide a way for consumers to return used or obsolete equipment without charge.
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The heater's housing is designed to withstand explosions and protect the materials within. Some suppliers include heaters with housings that can withstand sparking and flames.
Hazardous location heaters are designed for use in places where there is a risk of fire or explosion. Underwriters Laboratories (UL) and other organizations rate these devices.
The heater is equipped with a microprocessor that controls the voltage applied to the heated object. The microprocessor regulates the temperature of the heated object, as well as the speed at which the object heats.
The heater's housing is sealed, liquid-proof, and suitable for use in a harsh, outdoor environment.
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